A 43-year-old man has residual roots at #30.  The mesial (M) and distal (D) roots approximates each other so close that the septum is thin (Fig.1,3-4).  The latter is unfavorable for osteotomy.

Thin Septum

Xin Wei, DDS, PhD, MS 1st edition 06/17/2017, last revision 06/17/2017