Initial osteotomy is formed by using a 1.6 mm pilot drill 6 mm deep (Fig.5 white arrow).  As sequential expanders (from 2.6 to 3.8 mm) are being used, the depth is also increased gradually (Fig.5 insert red outline) so that the sinus floor are being lifted (open arrow) with minimal disruption of the thickened fragile sinus membrane (M in Fig.3). 

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Xin Wei, DDS, PhD, MS 1st edition 08/21/2014, last revision 03/15/2020