With under drilling, primary stability of tissue-level taps is lower.  A bone-level dummy implant is placed with low torque (Fig.4).  无意中钻洞把一部分软的骨质去除(图三S),用一个5x9毫米dummy(报废)植体植入,大约10Ncm (图四)。取出dummy implant,把残余肉芽组织去除。

Regraft     Last     Next Xin Wei, DDS, PhD, MS 1st edition 07/17/2020, last revision 07/18/2020