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The sockets are fused and flat without the septum. The bone is hard and painful for the initial osteotomy with infiltration anesthesia (Fig.2). With ~ 2 mm parallel pin in the bone, the gingiva is estimated 6-8 mm thick. The distal root of the 2nd molar seems to be buried shallowly in the bone (D). With SRP, the calculus in the distal surface of the tooth #20 is invisible.
Xin Wei, DDS, PhD, MS 1st edition 06/12/2018, last revision 06/12/2018