The osteotomy forms by using osteotomes (rounded tapered 2-4 mm), followed by insertion of a 4.5x14 mm tap at the depth of 11 mm (Fig.3).  It appears that the tip of the tap is in the sinus, but the top of the osteotomy has solid bone when the tap is removed.   Either the sinus floor has been lifted by the osteotomes or the osteotomy happens to be palatal or buccal to the lowest point of the sinus floor.

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Xin Wei, DDS, PhD, MS 1st edition 05/30/2014, last revision 08/30/2014